hamster-dwarf

Earth

2008-02-25T04:23:00.001-08:00

Earth (pronounced /'???/) is the third planet from the Sun and is the major of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System, in both diameter and mass. It is also referred to as the Earth, Planet Earth, and the World, and in several contexts, Gaia and Terra.

Home to millions of species including humans, Earth is the only place in the world where life is known to exist. Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed 4.54 billion years ago, and life appear on its surface within a billion years. Since then, Earth's biosphere has considerably altered the atmosphere and other abiotic conditions on the planet, enable the proliferation of aerobic organisms as well as the formation of the ozone layer which, jointly with Earth's magnetic field, blocks harmful emission, permitting life on land.

Earth's outer surface is divided into several rigid segments, or tectonic plates, that regularly travel across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of the surface is enclosed with salt-water oceans, the remainder consisting of continents and islands; liquid water, necessary for all known life, is not known to exist on any other planet's surface. Earth's interior remains active, with a thick layer of comparatively solid mantle, a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field, and a solid iron inside the core.

Juice

2008-02-19T03:51:00.001-08:00

Juice is a liquid naturally controlled in fruit or vegetable tissue. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fresh fruits or vegetables without the request of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice is the liquid take out from the fruit of the orange tree. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruits and vegetables by means of variety of hand or electric juicers. Many commercial juices are drinkable to remove fiber or pulp, but high pulp fresh orange juice is marketed as an alternative. Juice may be marketed in deliberate form, sometimes frozen, require the user to add water to reconstitute the liquid back to its 'original state' (Generally, concentrates have a noticeably different taste than their comparable "fresh-squeezed" versions). Other juices are reconstituted before covering for retail sale. Common methods for protection and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, freezing, evaporation and spray drying.

Business Cluster

2008-02-11T20:54:00.001-08:00

A business cluster is a geographic combination of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Clusters are considered to increase the output with which companies can compete, nationally and globally.

This idea, also known as a spirited cluster, industry cluster or Porter's cluster, was first urbanized by Michael Porter in 1990. Cluster development has since developed into a focus for many government programs. The next development of the concept of interorganizational networks in Germany and practical growth of Clusters in the UK.

Carrot

2008-02-04T21:02:00.001-08:00

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange or white, or pink in color, with a crispy texture when fresh. The fit for eating part of a carrot is a taproot. It is a cultured form of the wild carrot Daucus carota, national to Europe and southwestern Asia. It has been bred for its very much irritated and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the similar species.

It is a biennial plant which grows a rosette of leaves in the spring and summer, while building up the plump taproot, which stores big amounts of sugars for the plant to flower in the second year. The crest stem grows to about 1 m tall, with an umbel of white flowers.

Carrots can be eaten raw, whole, chopped, grate, or extra to salads for color or texture. They are also frequently chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in soups and stews, as well as fine baby foods and choose pet foods. A well familiar dish is carrots julienne. Grated carrots are used in carrot cakes, as healthy as carrot puddings, an old English dish consideration to have originated in the early 1800s.

Relief print

2008-01-28T20:37:00.000-08:00

Relief print is an image fashioned by a printmaking process, such as Stencil printing, where the areas of the matrix (plate or block) that are to show printed black (typically) are on the original surface; the part of the matrix that are to be blank (white) having been cut away, or otherwise removed. Printing the image is therefore a relatively simple matter of inking the face of the matrix and brings it in firm contact with the paper; a printing-press may not be needed as the back of the paper can be rubbed or pressed by hand with a simple tool. It's the BEST way to repeat an IMAGE several times without messing up.

Education

2008-01-21T21:19:00.000-08:00

It is extensively accepted that the process of education is lifelong. Studies have exposed that the child is educated by the experiences it is exposed to in the womb even before it is born.
Individuals receive relaxed education from a variety of sources. Family members, peers, books and mass media have a strong on the informal education of the individual.
Education also say about the discipline, a body of theoretical and applied research that draws on other disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.

Cricket bat and Shape

2008-01-16T21:09:00.000-08:00

A cricket bat is worn by batsmen in the sport of cricket. It is typically made of willow wood. This specialized bat is shaped something like a paddle, consisting of a padded handle similar to - but sturdier than - that of a tennis racquet, which is typically cylindrical in shape. This widens into the blade of the bat, a wider wooden block flat on one side and with a V-shaped edge on the other to provide greater air flow in the follow through and greater strength to the over-all bat. The flat side (the front of the bat) is used to punch the ball. The point at which the handle widens into the blade is known as the shoulder of the bat, and the base of the blade is known as the toe of the bat.

Pitch

2008-01-07T21:28:00.000-08:00

In music, pitch is the psychological associate of the fundamental frequency of a note. The note an above middle C played on any instrument is perceived to be of the same pitch as a pure tone of 440 Hz, but does not essentially contain a partial having that frequency. Furthermore, a slight change in frequency need not lead to a perceived change in pitch, but a change in pitch implies a change in frequency. In fact, the just perceptible difference is about five cents, but varies over the range of hearing and is more precise when the two pitches are played at the same time. Like other human stimuli, the perception of pitch also can be explained by the Weber-Fechner law.

Pitch also depends on the amplitude of the sound, especially at low frequencies. For instance, a low bass note will sound lower in pitch if it is louder. Like other senses, the comparative perception of pitch can be fooled, resulting in "audio illusions". There are several of these, such as the tritone paradox, but most especially the Shepard scale, where a continuous or discrete sequence of specially formed tones can be made to sound as if the sequence continues ascending or descending forever.

Crystal

2008-01-03T22:15:00.000-08:00

In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the element atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a frequently ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

The word crystal originates from the Greek word κρύσταλλος (krystallos) meaning clear ice, as it was thoughts to be an especially solid form of water. Citation needed: The word once referred mainly to quartz, or "rock crystal".

Most metals encounter in everyday life is polycrystals. [Citation needed] Crystals are often symmetrically intergrown to form crystal twins.

University

2007-12-28T03:56:00.000-08:00

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees at all levels bachelor, master, and doctorate in a variety of subjects. A university provides both tertiary and quaternary education. The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning community of masters and scholars.Because of the above definition, there is some controversy regarding which is the world's oldest university. If we consider a university as a corporation of students, then Plato's Academy is the first historically documented university. The original Latin word "universitas", first used at the time of renewed interest in Classical Greek and Roman tradition, tried to reflect this feature of Academy. If we consider university simply as a higher education institution, then it could be Shangyang, which was founded before the 21st c. BC in China, if it is not a just myth. In the western world, the choice is between Takshashila, Nalanda, Ratnagiri University and Al-Azhar University.

Certificate of deposit

2007-12-17T22:25:00.000-08:00

Certificate of deposit or CD is a time deposit, a financial product commonly obtainable to consumers by banks, thrift institutions, and credit unions.

Such CDs are comparable to savings accounts in that they are insured and thus virtually risk-free; they are "money in the bank" (CDs are insured by the FDIC for banks or by the NCUA for credit unions). They are different from savings accounts in that the CD has a specific, fixed term (often three months, six months, or one to five years), and, frequently, a fixed interest rate. It is planned that the CD be held until maturity, at which time the money may be withdrawn together with the accrued interest.

A Brave New Audience

2007-12-02T20:37:00.000-08:00

Over time, technology has become extremely developed. This is unpleasant for mankind because the more superior, the more serious television gets, the not as good as it is for its viewers. It always feeds people in sequence with which they take in without even important its perils. What they think is an admirable source of information, is actually a dangerous medium through which millions of Americans decrease their intelligence.

According to Neil Postman, it is basically just a damage of content because it focuses more on descriptions, rather than content. In Postman's essay, The Huxleyan Warning, he exhorts readers that Huxley's prophecy is launch to be realized. He claims that society will enslave themselves through their love for their own oppression; the technologies that disable their ability to think. This technology comes during the shape of a television screen. These prophecies, which were first introduce to us by Aldous Huxley, are observable in the movie The Truman Show. Truman is a normal human being, inadvertently being watched by billions of viewers ever since his birth. Viewers are caught to their television sets watching his every move.

Feather

2007-10-28T22:39:00.000-07:00

Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that shape the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They are the outstanding feature that distinguishes the Class Aves from all other living groups. Other Theropoda also had feathers to see feathered dinosaurs.

Characteristics

Feathers are among the most multifaceted structural organs found in vertebrates: integument appendages, formed by controlled explosion of cells in the epidermis, or outer skin layer that produce keratin proteins. The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are calm of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and cross linked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof.

Metabolism

2007-10-28T22:25:00.001-07:00

Metabolism is the total set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the source of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments. Metabolism is frequently divided into two categories. Catabolic reactions yield energy, an example being the stop working of food in cellular respiration. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, use this energy to construct mechanism of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is distorted into another by a series of enzymes. Enzymes are vital to metabolism because they allow cells to drive desirable but thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by combination them to favorable ones. Enzymes also agree to the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.

Hypertonic

2007-10-28T22:17:00.000-07:00

A solution which has a higher absorption of osmotic ally active solutes than that in a cell is said to be hypertonic. The ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by changing their internal water volume is called tonicity (tono = tension). In biology, hypertonic cell surroundings have a higher concentration of solutes than within the animal or plant cell. In a hypertonic environment, osmotic force causes water to flow out of the cell. If enough water is detached in this way, the cytoplasm will have such a small concentration of water that the cell has difficulty functioning.

A Beautiful Island

2007-10-05T23:00:00.001-07:00

For several people, the land in America is the beautiful place in this world. But as a little adult I have already left the country to find many opportunity sights beyond the land of the United States. To me, the largest beautiful place I have ever been was the island of Jamaica. It is simple for me to find harmony and beauty on this island.
The first thing that hit me like a massage of aroma as I stepped off the aircraft was the sweet wet air of this tropical island. The fruit, flowers, and over all ordinary environment is enough to make me never want to leave. I gather all of this, and I haven’t even left the airport yet.

The local yellow cab takes me crossways the island. Overwhelmed by beauty far and wide I find myself out of breath. Not far into my turn I encounter a busy street buzzing with stimulation and variety.

Jewellery and society

2007-09-24T05:37:00.000-07:00

Jewellery is factually any piece of fine material used to decorate oneself. Although in earlier times jewellery was created for more convenient uses, such as wealth storage and pinning clothes together, in recent times it has been used almost completely for beautification. The first pieces of jewellery were made from likely materials, such as bone and animal teeth, shell, wood and engraved stone. Jewellery was often made for people of high importance to show their status and, in many cases, they were covered with it.Jewellery is made out of almost every material recognized and has been made to garnish nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings and many more types of jewellery. While high-quality and artistic pieces are made with gemstones and valuable metals, less pricey costume jewellery is made from less-valuable materials and is mass-produced.Form and function Kenyan man exhausting tribal beads.Over time, jewellery has been used for a number of reasons: Currency, wealth display and storage, purposeful Symbolism Protection and Artistic display Most cultures have at some point had a practice of observance large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures move wedding dowries in the form of jewelry, or create jewelry as a means to store or display coins. on the other hand, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good; a mostly poignant example being the use of slave beads.

In creating jewellery, a variety of gemstones, coins, or other valuable items can be used, often set into precious metals. Common expensive metals used for modern jewellery include gold, platinum or silver, although alloys of nearly every metal known can be encountered in jewellery -- bronze, for example, was common in Roman times. Most gold jewellery is made of an alloy of gold, the purity of which is affirmed in karats, indicated by a number followed by the letter K.

For example, ordinary gold jewellery ranges from 10K (41.7% pure gold) to 22K (91.6% pure gold), while 24K (99.9% pure gold) is considered too soft for jewellery use.

Platinum alloys variety from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure). The silver used in jewellery is usually sterling silver, or 92.5% fine silver.Other generally used materials include glass, such as merged glass or enamel; wood, often carved or turned; shells and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory; natural clay, polymer clay, and even plastics.

Computer science

2007-09-10T05:19:00.000-07:00

Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical basics of information and calculation and their execution and application in computer systems. Computer science has lot of sub-fields; a few highlight the calculation of exact consequences (such as computer graphics), whereas others (such as computational complexity theory) relate to properties of computational difficulties. Still others focus on the challenges in applying calculations. For instance, programming language theory studies move toward to describe calculations, whereas computer programming applies precise programming languages to answer precise computational difficulties.

Vegetable

2007-09-02T21:56:00.001-07:00

Vegetable is a culinary term which usually refers to an edible part of a plant. The definition is traditional rather than scientific and is somewhat impulsive and subjective. All parts of herbaceous plants eaten as food by humans, entire or in part are normally considered vegetables. Mushrooms, though belonging to the biological realm fungi, are also commonly considered vegetables. In general, vegetables are thought of as being savory, and not sweet, even though there are many exceptions. Nuts, grains, herbs, spices and culinary fruits are usually not considered vegetables.

Microscope

2007-08-26T22:33:00.001-07:00

A microscope is a device for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. The word microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope. The microscopes used in schools and homes sketch their history back almost 400 years.

Fruit

2007-08-19T23:09:00.001-07:00

All citrus trees are of the single genus Citrus, and remain largely interbreed able; that is, there is only one "super species" which includes lemons, limes and oranges. Nevertheless, names have been given to the various members of the citrus family, oranges often being referred to as Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium. Fruits of all members of the genus Citrus are considered berries because they have many seeds, are fleshy and soft, and derive from a single ovary. An orange seed is called a pip.

Natya Shastra of Bharata

2007-08-12T22:28:00.001-07:00

The Natya Shastra of Bharata is the main work of dramatic theory in the Sanskrit drama of classical India. It was written by the sage Bharata Muni. It is a set of precept on the writing and performance of dance, music and theatre. While the Natyasastra primarily deals with stagecraft, it has come to influence music, dance, and literature as well. Thus, an argument can be made that the Natyasastra is the foundation of the fine arts in India.

Traffic

2007-08-03T00:08:00.001-07:00

Traffic is the movement of motorized vehicles, notarized vehicles and pedestrians on roads. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic normally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.

Mainframes

2007-07-25T00:47:00.000-07:00

Mainframes are huge and expensive computers used mainly by government institutions and large companies for mission critical applications, usually bulk data processing such as censuses, industry/consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.
The term originated during the early 1970s with the introduction of smaller, fewer complex computers such as the DEC PDP-8 and PDP-11 series, which became known as minicomputers or just minis. The industry/users then coined the term "mainframe" to describe bigger, earlier types (previously known simply as "computers").

Water abstraction

2007-07-15T23:06:00.000-07:00

Water abstraction, or water extraction, is the procedure of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently. Most water is used for irrigation or treatment to produce drinking water. Depending on the environmental legislation in the relevant country, controls may be located on abstraction to limit the amount of water that can be removed. Over abstraction can lead to rivers drying up or the level of groundwater aquifers reducing inappropriately. The science of hydrogeology is used to assess safe abstraction levels.

Allan variance

2007-07-10T00:33:00.000-07:00

The Allan variance, named after David W. Allan, is a quantity of stability in clocks and oscillators. It is also identified as the two-sample variance. It is defined as one half of the time average of the squares of the differences between succeed readings of the frequency deviation sampled over the sampling period. The Allan variance depends on the time period used between samples: therefore it is a function of the sample period, as well as the distribution being measured, and is displayed as a graph rather than a single number. A low Allan variance is a characteristic of a clock with good stability over the measured period.

Web proxy

2007-07-02T22:08:00.000-07:00

Proxies that hub on WWW traffic are called web proxies. Many web proxies try to block offensive web content. Other web proxies reformat web pages for an exact purpose or audience (e.g., cell phones and PDAs or persons with disabilities). Network operators can also set up proxies to intercept computer viruses and other hostile content served from remote web pages.

Many organizations — including schools, corporations, and countries — use proxy servers to implement acceptable network use policies or to provide security, anti-malware and/or caching services. A traditional web proxy is not translucent to the client application, which must be configured to use the proxy (manually or with a configuration script). In some cases, where substitute means of connection to the Internet are available ,the user may be able to avoid policy control by simply resetting the client configuration and bypassing the proxy. Furthermore administration of browser configuration can be a load for network administrators.

ARM

2007-06-29T02:09:00.001-07:00

The ARM architecture (Advanced RISC Machine or Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture developed by ARM Limited that is widely used in a number of embedded designs. Due to their power saving features, ARM CPUs are dominant in the mobile electronics market, where low power consumption is a critical design goal.

Today, the ARM family accounts for over 75% of all 32-bit embedded CPUs, making it one of the most prolific 32-bit architectures in the world. ARM CPUs are found in all corners of consumer electronics, from portable devices to computer peripherals. Important branches in this family include Marvell's XScale and the Texas Instruments OMAP series.

Ice

2007-06-24T23:53:00.001-07:00

Ice is the name given to any one of the 14 known solid phases of water. Though in non-scientific contexts, it usually describes ice Ih, which is the most abundant of these phases. It is a crystalline solid, which can appear transparent or an opaque bluish-white color depending on the presence of impurities such as air. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter appearance. The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0 °C (273.15 K, 32 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure. However, it can also deposit from a vapor with no intervening liquid phase such as in the formation of frost. Ice appears in varied forms such as hail, ice cubes, and glaciers. It plays an important role with many meteorological phenomena. The ice caps of the polar regions are of significance for the global climate and particularly the water cycle.

Neem cake

2007-06-19T19:27:00.000-07:00

Neem cake natural manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of Neem fruits and kernels, and the solvent removal process for neem oil cake. It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of India Standards, Neem has established considerable potential as a fertilizer. For this purpose, neem cake and neem leaves are particularly promising. Puri , in his book on neem has given details about neem seed cake as manure and nitrification inhibitor. The author has described that after processing neem cake can be used for partial replacement of poultry and cattle feed.

People

2007-06-12T22:27:00.001-07:00

People are a group of humans, either with not mentioned traits, or specific characteristics (e.g. the people of Spain or the people of the Plains).The term people is often used in English as the suppletive plural of person. However, the word persons is sometimes used in place of people, particularly when it would be ambiguous with its collective sense (e.g. missing persons instead of missing people). The term people can together refer to all humans or it can be used to identify the citizens of a nation, or members of a tribe, ethnic, or religious group. People of color is a phrase used to describe people with skin color darker than that of white people.

Fashionable watches

2007-06-07T22:33:00.000-07:00

At the end of the 20th century, Swiss watch makers were seeing their sales go down as analog clocks were considered outmoded. They joined forces with designers from many countries to reinvent the Swiss watch.
The result was that they could considerably decrease the pieces and production time of an analog watch. In fact it was so cheap that if a watch broke it would be cheaper to fling it away and buy a new one than to repair it. One of these Swiss watch manufacturers started a new brand, Swatch, and called graphic designers to redesign a new annual collection.

Social status

2007-06-03T22:27:00.001-07:00

In many societies, people of high rank set aside special items of clothing or decoration for themselves as symbols of their social status. In ancient times, only Roman senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple; only high-ranking Hawaiian chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa or imprinted whale teeth. Under the Travancore kingdom of Kerala (India), lower caste women caste had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. In China before the establishment of the republic, only the monarch could wear yellow. In many cases throughout history, there have been intricate systems of sumptuary laws regulating who could wear what. In other societies, no laws prohibit lower-status people wearing high status garments, but the high cost of status garments effectively limits purchase and display. In current Western society, only the rich can afford haute couture. The threat of social exclusion may also limit garment choice.

Boxing

2007-05-29T00:28:00.000-07:00

Professional boxing bout featuring Ricardo Domínguez versus Rafael Ortiz...Boxing, also referred to as prizefighting, the noble art and pugilism is a sport and martial art in which two participants of similar weight fight each other with their fists in a series of one to three-minute intervals called rounds. Victory is achieved if the opponent is knocked down and unable to get up before the referee counts to ten or if the opponent is deemed too injured to continue. If there is no stoppage of the fight before an agreed number of rounds, a winner is determined either by the referee's decision or by judges’ scorecards.

Trackball

2007-05-21T22:47:00.001-07:00

A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball housed in a socket containing sensors to identify the rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of the hand to move a cursor. Large follower balls are common on CAD workstations for easy precision. Before the advent of the touchpad, small trackballs were common on portable computers, where there may be no desk space on which to run a mouse. Some small thumb balls clip onto the side of the keyboard and have integral buttons with the same function as mouse buttons.
When mice and trackballs still had chopper wheels, trackballs had the advantage of being in contact with the user's hand, which is generally cleaner than the desk or mouse pad and doesn't drag lint into the chopper wheels. The late 1990s advent of scroll wheels, and the replacement of mouse balls by direct optical tracking, put trackballs at a disadvantage and forced them to retreat into niches where their distinctive merits remained important. Most trackballs now have direct optical tracking which follows dots on the ball. Some mice, in place of a scroll wheel, acquired a small trackball between the ears, useful in maps, and other circumstances calling for scrolling in two dimensions.

Cache Memory

2007-05-15T00:22:00.001-07:00

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to decrease the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most often used main memory locations. As long as most memory accesses are to cached memory locations, the average latency of memory accesses will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of main memory.

When the processor needs to read or write a location in main memory, it first checks whether that memory location is in the cache. This is accomplished by comparing the address of the memory location to all tags in the cache that may contain that address. If the processor finds that the memory location is in the cache, we say that a cache hit has occurred; otherwise we talk of a cache miss. In the case of a cache hit, the processor immediately reads or writes the information in the cache line. The proportion of accesses that result in a cache hit is known as the hit rate, and is a measure of the effectiveness of the cache.

In the case of a cache miss, most caches assign a new entry, which comprises the tag just missed and a copy of the data from memory. The reference can then be applied to the new entry just as in the case of a hit. Misses are relatively slow because they require the data to be transferred from main memory. This transfer incurs a delay since main memory is much slower than cache memory, and also incurs the overhead for recording the new data in the cache before it is delivered to the processor.

Landscape Archaeology

2007-05-09T23:55:00.000-07:00

Landscape archaeology refers to a method of studying past people and their material culture in the context of the wider environment. The landscape may be large, such as a wide marshy river delta or small, like a back garden. It is often employed in cultural resources management to recognize exposed sites. Landscape archeology addresses the difficult issues of the behavior that people intentionally and deliberately shaped the land around them. The inquiry of what exactly constitutes a site has been discussed at length by generations of archaeologists. Areas of examination are not restricted to the boundaries of an excavation but can instead stretch for many miles. Excavation is typically impractical on such a scale and landscape archaeologists’ hub on the visible features that can be recognized and recorded on the ground surface to create a picture of human activity across a region. Archaeological features covered just below the surface often leave tell-tale 'lumps and bumps', plough action in fields can lift archaeological material to the surface, in areas of restricted human activity, worked flint scatters can survive untouched for many centuries and standing buildings and field boundaries can be of great antiquity yet archaeologically unexamined.

Historical and Stylistic Clock face

2007-05-03T02:02:00.001-07:00

Before progress the late 15th century, a fixed hand indicated the hour by pointing to revolving numbers. Minute hands only came into use in the late 17th century after the creation of the pendulum allowable for amplified precision in time telling. Until the last quarter of the 17th century hour markings were imprinted into metal faces and the recesses filled with black wax. Subsequently, higher contrast and enhanced readability was achieved with white enamel plaques painted with black numbers. Initially, the numbers were printed on small, individual plaques mounted on a brass substructure. This was not a stylistic decision; rather enamel production technology had not yet achieved the ability to create large pieces of enamel. The "13 piece face" was an early attempt to create an entirely white enamel face. As the name suggests, it was composed of 13 enamel plaques: 12 numbered wedges fitted around a circle. The first single portion enamel faces, not unlike those in production today, began to appear c. 1735.

Multimedia

2007-04-29T22:34:00.000-07:00

Multimedia is media that uses multiple forms of information content and information processing to inform or amuse the audience. Multimedia referred to the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is similar to traditional mixed media in fine art, but with a broader scope. The term rich media is identical for interactive multimedia. Multimedia means that computer info can be represented through audio, graphics, image, video and animation in addition to traditional media (text and graphics). Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia application.

Multimedia may be generally divided into linear and non-linear categories. Linear dynamic content progresses without any navigation control for the observer such as a cinema presentation. Non-linear content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training. Non-linear content is also known as hypermedia content.
Multimedia presentations can be exist or recorded. A recorded presentation may allocate interactivity via a navigation system. A live multimedia presentation may allow interactivity via interaction with the presenter or performer.

Ocean

2007-04-23T22:51:00.000-07:00

Ocean covers almost three quarters of the surface of the Earth, and nearly half of the world's marine waters are over 3000 m deep.
This global, consistent body of salt water, called the World Ocean, is divided by the continents and archipelagos into the following four bodies, from the largest to the smallest: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean, and, according to some authorities such as International Hydrographic Organization, a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean.
Some geographers and some governments but not the US, recognizes the IHO as defining official water body names and boundaries. The IHO officially sanctioned the Southern Ocean name only in 2000, but its definition by a line of latitude has left its acceptance as a fifth ocean open to question. The National Geographic Society and some other leading geographers and cartographers continue to use "South Pacific", "South Atlantic", and "Indian" Ocean for the waters around Antarctica. A few Oceanographers recognize only four oceans also, treating the Arctic Ocean as a part of the Atlantic Ocean.

Transistor

2007-04-19T00:19:00.000-07:00

The transistor is a solid state semiconductor device which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and many other functions. It acts as a variable valve which, based on its input current (BJT) or input voltage (FET), allows a precise amount of current to flow through it from the circuit's voltage supply.In essence, a transistor have three terminals. A current or voltage applied through/across two terminals controls a larger current through the other terminal and the common terminal. In analog circuits, transistors are used in amplifiers. Analog circuits comprise audio amplifiers, stabilised power supplies and radio frequency amplifiers. In digital circuits, transistors function basically as electrical switches. Digital circuits include logic gates, RAM (random access memory) and microprocessors.Transistor was also the common name in the sixties for a transistor radio, a portable radio that used transistors (rather than vacuum tubes) as its active electronic components. This is still one of the dictionary definitions of transistor.

Artist amp

2007-04-10T00:42:00.001-07:00

Artist amp refers to a postage stamp-like art form. It is similar to a Cinderella stamp, in that it is not valid for postage, but it differs from a forgery or a bogus stamp in that no intention is made to fool any post office or collector of stamps. The artist amp is intended to be a miniature art form which can depict or remember any subject its creator chooses.

Techniques for the creation of artist amps may or may not include perforating the boundaries of the piece to more resemble a stamp, as well as applying gum to the reverse side of the paper. Whole sheets of such stamps are often made at one time. The artwork can be hand-drawn or painted, lithographed or offset-printed, photographed, Xeroxed, rubber stamped, or even output by computer-driven printer.

Creators of art within this genre include Donald Evans, Anna Banana, Steve Smith and the surprisingly prolific New Zealander Bruce Henderson. Henderson's output spans more than three decades and encompasses an entire alternative universe of artist amp countries. These include the Sultanate of Occussi-Ambeno, the Kingdom of all the Sedan, the Sultanate of Upper Yafa, the People's Republic of Kemp land, the Free Vineland Republic, the Republic of Liegerland, the Republic of Port Maria, Tui Tui, Aldabra, Karenni, Raoul, the Land of Muggy, Terra Candella, Cryonica, Aramoana, Whangamomona, Laré, Nova Arcadia, the Antarctic Confederation and the Khanate of Bokhara. Henderson's artist amp world even has its own imaginary "United Nations," the "International Council of Independent States". His creations are sometimes identified as micro nations, however, being completely imaginary and without "participants", they do not fit the definition.

Sarus Crane

2007-04-06T23:51:00.000-07:00

Delta Air Lines

2007-04-02T01:19:00.001-07:00

Delta Air is a major U.S. airline headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, operating a large domestic and international network that spans North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean.

Delta operates hubs at Atlanta, Cincinnati, New York-JFK, and Salt Lake City. Delta also has great operations in many other cities, including Boston, Columbus, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles, New York-LaGuardia, Orlando, and Washington-Reagan. Delta is also the foremost hauler in Florida. Its key worldwide gateways are Atlanta, Cincinnati, and New York-JFK.

In terms of passengers approved, Delta is the second-largest airline in the world. In terms of total operating revenues, Delta is the fourth-largest airline in the world As of September 1, 2005, Delta served 178 domestic cities in 46 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as 71 international cities, including 10 future ones, in 45 countries.

Early history

Delta timetable from 1934
Delta Boeing 747, operated by Pan Am, at London Heathrow Airport in May 1974.The corporation has its roots in Huff Daland Dusters, which was founded in 1924 in Macon, Georgia by more than a few partners with Collett E. Woolman becoming the world's first aerial crop dusting company. Huff Daland moved to Monroe, Louisiana the following year. In 1928, Huff Daland Dusters was purchased by C.E. Woolman and renamed Delta Air military after the Mississippi Delta, where its route joined Dallas, Texas to Jackson, Mississippi, via Shreveport, Louisiana and Monroe. By 1934, Delta Air began mail service from Charleston to Fort Worth, including Atlanta, Augusta and other stops in Georgia.

In 1941, Delta enthused its headquarters from Monroe to Atlanta, Georgia, to center itself along its new way network that joined Chicago and New Orleans to Florida and Ohio which would later become a Delta hub. In the 1950s, Delta began flights from New Orleans to the Caribbean and Venezuela, becoming the number 2 U.S. carrier in the region after Pan Am and Braniff. On May 1, 1953, Delta combined with Chicago and Southern to enlarge routes in Midwest. In 1955 Delta introduced the "hub and spoke system" where flights are running scared to a central point then sent out to other cities. By the early 1960s, Delta's route network extended to the West Coast, and Dallas was emerging as its second hub city.

British coinage

2007-03-29T01:26:00.000-07:00

Obverse and turn around of ordinary coins in current movement, £2, £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and 1pThe British currency was decimalized on February 15, 1971. The basic unit of currency – the Pound – was unchanged. Previous to decimalization there were 240 pennies in a pound, now there are 100 new pence. The new coins were noticeable with the wording "New Penny" or "New Pence" to discriminate them from the old. The word new was drop after ten years. The representation p was also adopted to tell apart the new pennies from the old, which used the sign d.

The initial pound coin was introduced in 1983 to replace the Bank of England £1 banknote which was discontinues in 1984. A circulating bimetallic £2 coin was also introduced in 1998– there had until that time been remembrance £2 coins which did not normally circulate. The total amount of coinage in exchange is approximately three and a quarter billion pounds, of which the £1 and £2 coins account for almost two billion pounds.
Every year, newly mint coins are checkered for size, weight, and work of art at a Trial of the Pyx. Fundamentally the same process has been used since the thirteenth century. Assay is now done by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths on behalf of HM Treasury.

Cellular

2007-03-23T23:56:00.001-07:00

A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter, normally known as a (base station). These cells are used to cover dissimilar areas in order to provide radio coverage over a wider area than the area of one cell. Cellular networks are naturally asymmetric with a set of fixed main transceivers each serving a cell and a set of distributed transceivers which provide services to the network's users.
Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions,
increased capacity
reduced power usage
better coverage
A good (and simple) example of a cellular system is an old taxi driver's radio system where a city will have some transmitters based around a city. We'll use that as an example and assume that each transmitter is handled independently by a different operator.

View camera

2007-03-19T22:13:00.001-07:00

The view camera is a type of camera with a very long history, but they are still used today by professional and amateur photographers who want full control of their images. The view camera is essentially a light-tight assembly comprised of a flexible mid-section, or bellows, attached to a device that holds a film sheet, photo plate or digital imager at one end (the rear standard) and a similar one that holds the lens at the other end (the front standard). The front and rear standards are not fixed relative to each other (unlike most cameras). Movement of the front and rear standards allows the photographer to move the lens and film plane separately for precise control of the image's focus, depth of field and perspective.

Eye color

2007-03-13T22:04:00.001-07:00

Eye color is a polygenic trait and is determined mainly by the amount and type of pigments present in the eye's iris. Humans and animals have many phenotypic variations in eye color. In humans, these variations in color are credited to varying ratios of eumelanin produced by melanocytes in the iris.The brightly colored eyes of many bird species are mostly determined by other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids.
Three main elements within the iris add to its color: the melanin content of the iris pigment epithelium, the melanin content within the iris stroma, and the cellular density of the iris stroma.In eyes of all colors, the iris pigment epithelium contains the black pigment, eumelanin.Color variations among different irises are normally attributed to the melanin content within the iris stroma.The density of cells within the stroma affects how much light is absorbed by the underlying pigment epithelium.

Coma

2007-03-08T21:41:00.001-08:00

In medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a profound state of unconsciousness. A comatose patient cannot be awakened, fails to respond in general to pain or light, does not contain sleep-wake cycles, and does not take voluntary actions. Coma may result from a variety of conditions, including intoxication, metabolic abnormalities, central nervous system diseases, acute neurologic injuries such as stroke, and hypoxia. It may also be intentionally induced by pharmaceutical agents in order to preserve higher brain function following another form of brain trauma.

Distinctive phases of coma
Within coma itself, there are some categories that describe the severity of impairment. Contrary to popular belief, a patient in a comatose state does not always lay still and quiet. They may talk, walk, and perform other functions that may occasionally appear to be conscious acts, yet are not.
Two scales of measurement regularly used in TBI diagnosis to determine the phase of coma are the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Ranchos Los Amigos Scale. The GCS is a simple 15-point scale used by medical professionals to assess severity of neurologic trauma, and establish a prognosis. The RLAS is a more complex scale that describes up to eight separate levels of coma, and is often used in the first few weeks or months of coma while the patient is under nearer observation, and when shifts between levels are more frequent.

Language school

2007-03-04T21:11:00.001-08:00

A language school is a place of education where one can study a foreign language. In most cases, classes at a language school are geared towards, but not limited to, talkative competence in a foreign language. Language learning in such schools usually supplements formal education or experience in a foreign language.
Students vary generally by, among other factors, age, educational background and work experience, as well as language ability. Teachers are likely to possess native fluency or acquired comptence in their target languages; formal qualifications to become a language teacher, however, vary by school, region or country.

Monkey

2007-02-27T22:56:00.000-08:00

A monkey is a member of either of two of the three groupings of simian primates. These three groupings are the New World monkeys, the Old World monkeys, and the apes. The New World monkeys are classified within the parvorder Platyrrhini, whereas the Old World monkeys (superfamily Cercopithecoidea) form part of the parvorder Catarrhini, which also includes the apes. Thus, methodically speaking, monkeys do not form a "natural group", in that the Old World monkeys are in fact more closely related to the apes than they are to the New World species. There are 264 known extant species of monkey. Because of their similarity to monkeys, apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons are often called monkeys in informal usage, though biologists don't consider them to be monkeys. Conversely, due to its size (up to 1 metre) the Mandrill is often thought to be an ape, but it is actually an Old World monkey. Also, a few monkey species have the word "ape" in their common name. Because they are not a single coherent group, monkeys do not have any particular traits that they all share and are not shared with the remaining group of simians, the apes.

The Mouflon

2007-02-22T21:31:00.000-08:00

The Mouflon is a variety of wild sheep and as such is one of the Caprinae or "goat antelopes". It is consideration to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds. It is red-brown with a dark back-stripe, light colored saddle patch and underparts. The males are horned and the females are horned or polled.
They originated in Southwest Asia, where the types known as Asiatic mouflon lives. They were introduced to the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Cyprus through the neolithic period, perhaps as feral domesticated animals, where they naturalized to the mountainous interiors of these islands over the past few thousand years, giving rise to the species known as European mouflon . They are now unusual on the islands, but have been successfully introduced into central Europe, including Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania, even in some northern European countries, such as Finland.
The scientific classification of the Mouflon is disputed but the European Mouflon may be considered as either Ovis musimon or Ovis ammon musimon.

Heart cancer

2007-02-18T21:20:00.000-08:00

Heart cancer is an very rare form of cancer of the heart. Heart cancer is separated into primary tumors of the heart and secondary tumors of the heart. Most heart cancers are benign of myxomas, fibromas, rhabdomyomas and hamartomas, although malignant sarcomas (such as angiosarcoma or cardiac sarcoma) have been well-known to occur. In a learning of 12,487 autopsies performed in Hong Kong seven cardiac tumors were found, most of which were benign. However, cancer can also reach to heart from other parts of the body. In addition the heart can be affected by handling for cancer in other parts of the body.

Public transport

2007-02-09T20:55:00.001-08:00

Public transport, public transportation, public travel or mass transit comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not tour in their own vehicles. While it is generally taken to include rail and bus services, wider definitions would comprise scheduled airline services, ship, taxicab services etc. – any system that transports members of the universal public. A further restriction that is sometimes practical is that it must take place in shared vehicles that would bar taxis that are not shared-ride taxis.

Color

2006-12-27T01:29:00.000-08:00

It is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from the spectrum of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are detectable by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Since perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantified by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully explain the psychophysical perception of color appearance.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light.